Miffy the baby Guinea Pig
9th December Twenty-Ten
7 weeks
7 weeks
Christmas Twenty-Ten
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English Speaking Ask about the Weather
Even strangers discuss the weather. Learn the proper vocabulary and expressions, and you'll find it easy to start a conversation anytime, anywhere--with anyone you meet!Small TalkWhat can we say in casual conversations with strangers or colleagues we meet in the lift? Small talk is a casual form of conversation that "breaks the ice" or fills an awkward silence between people.Agreeing and DisagreeingSooner or later you will get the urge to agree or disagree with something that is being said in English. Offering an opinion can be difficult when it is not in your first language...
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English Speaking:' Presentations & Public Speaking
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English Speaking
Speaking is the 2nd of the four language skills, which are:
1. Listening 2. Speaking 3. Reading 4. Writing
The Importance of Speaking Practice
Speaking to yourself can be "dangerous" because men in white coats may come and take you away!! That is why you should make every effort possible to find somebody to speak with.
Greetings
How to say hello in English. On these pages you can listen to and practise greeting people in a variety of situations - from the classroom to business.
"What should I call you?"
How to Address People in English
What name or title can we use when speaking to friends, colleagues, acquaintances, teachers, doctors etc?
Telephone English
In this lesson we look at some of the words and expressions that we use for telephoning. There are also some practice sessions and a quiz for you to check your understanding.
1. Listening 2. Speaking 3. Reading 4. Writing
The Importance of Speaking Practice
Speaking to yourself can be "dangerous" because men in white coats may come and take you away!! That is why you should make every effort possible to find somebody to speak with.
Greetings
How to say hello in English. On these pages you can listen to and practise greeting people in a variety of situations - from the classroom to business.
"What should I call you?"
How to Address People in English
What name or title can we use when speaking to friends, colleagues, acquaintances, teachers, doctors etc?
Telephone English
In this lesson we look at some of the words and expressions that we use for telephoning. There are also some practice sessions and a quiz for you to check your understanding.
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How To Learn English
Tips and ideas on the best ways to learn English faster.
Tips for Beginners
1. You are like a new baby
Babies learn their language slowly.
First they learn to listen.
Then they learn to talk.
Finally, they can read and write.
2. Listen to English every day
Listen to English radio.
Watch English TV.
Go to English movies.
Use online lessons.
3. Make an English/ESL friend
Make up conversations.
Practise dialogues.
Use beginner textbooks.
4. Read English stories
Start with children's storybooks.
Try ESL readers.
Read advertisements, signs and labels.
Try EnglishClub.com for Young Learners.
5. Write down new words
Start a vocabulary (new word) notebook.
Write words in alphabetical order (A...B...C...).
Make example sentences.
Always use an English-English dictionary first.
6. Keep an English diary
Start with one sentence.
How do you feel?
How is the weather?
What did you do today?
Write another sentence tomorrow.
7. Visit an English speaking country
Learn English more quickly.
Stay with an English family.
Hear native speakers talk.
Have a fun experience.
Tips for Beginners
1. You are like a new baby
Babies learn their language slowly.
First they learn to listen.
Then they learn to talk.
Finally, they can read and write.
2. Listen to English every day
Listen to English radio.
Watch English TV.
Go to English movies.
Use online lessons.
3. Make an English/ESL friend
Make up conversations.
Practise dialogues.
Use beginner textbooks.
4. Read English stories
Start with children's storybooks.
Try ESL readers.
Read advertisements, signs and labels.
Try EnglishClub.com for Young Learners.
5. Write down new words
Start a vocabulary (new word) notebook.
Write words in alphabetical order (A...B...C...).
Make example sentences.
Always use an English-English dictionary first.
6. Keep an English diary
Start with one sentence.
How do you feel?
How is the weather?
What did you do today?
Write another sentence tomorrow.
7. Visit an English speaking country
Learn English more quickly.
Stay with an English family.
Hear native speakers talk.
Have a fun experience.
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English Listening
Listening is the 1st of the four language skills, which are:
1. Listening 2. Speaking 3. Reading 4. Writing
1. Listening 2. Speaking 3. Reading 4. Writing
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Conjunctions
- Single Word
for example: and, but, because, although - Compound (often ending with as or that)
for example: provided that, as long as, in order that - Correlative (surrounding an adverb or adjective)
for example: so...that - Coordinating conjunctions are used to join two parts of a sentence that are grammatically equal. The two parts may be single words or clauses, for example:
- Jack and Jill went up the hill.
- The water was warm, but I didn't go swimming. - Subordinating conjunctions are used to join a subordinate dependent clause to a main clause, for example:
- I went swimming although it was cold. - Coordinating conjunctions always come between the words or clauses that they join.
- Subordinating conjunctions usually come at the beginning of the subordinate clause.
A conjunction is a word that "joins". A conjunction joins two parts of a sentence.
Here are some example conjunctions:
| Coordinating Conjunctions | Subordinating Conjunctions |
| and, but, or, nor, for, yet, so | although, because, since, unless |
We can consider conjunctions from three aspects.
Form
Conjunctions have three basic forms:
Function
Conjunctions have two basic functions or "jobs":
Position
In this lesson we will look in more detail at:
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Interjections
Hi! That's an interjection. :-)
Interjection is a big name for a little word. Interjections are short exclamations like Oh!, Um or Ah! They have no real grammatical value but we use them quite often, usually more in speaking than in writing. When interjections are inserted into a sentence, they have no grammatical connection to the sentence. An interjection is sometimes followed by an exclamation mark (!) when written.
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Prepositions of Time: at, in, on
- at for a PRECISE TIME
- in for MONTHS, YEARS, CENTURIES and LONG PERIODS
- on for DAYS and DATES
- I have a meeting at 9am.
- The shop closes at midnight.
- Jane went home at lunchtime.
- In England, it often snows in December.
- Do you think we will go to Jupiter in the future?
- There should be a lot of progress in the next century.
- Do you work on Mondays?
- Her birthday is on 20 November.
- Where will you be on New Year's Day?
We use:
| at | in | on |
| PRECISE TIME | MONTHS, YEARS, CENTURIES and LONG PERIODS | DAYS and DATES |
| at 3 o'clock | in May | on Sunday |
| at 10.30am | in summer | on Tuesdays |
| at noon | in the summer | on 6 March |
| at dinnertime | in 1990 | on 25 Dec. 2010 |
| at bedtime | in the 1990s | on Christmas Day |
| at sunrise | in the next century | on Independence Day |
| at sunset | in the Ice Age | on my birthday |
| at the moment | in the past/future | on New Year's Eve |
Look at these examples:
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English Prepositions List
- aboard
- about
- above
- across
- after
- against
- along
- amid
- among
- anti
- around
- as
- at
There are about 150 prepositions in English. Yet this is a very small number when you think of the thousands of other words (nouns, verbs etc). Prepositions are important words. We use individual prepositions more frequently than other individual words. In fact, the prepositions of, to and in are among the ten most frequent words in English. Here is a short list of 70 of the more common one-word prepositions. Many of these prepositions have more than one meaning. Please refer to a dictionary for precise meaning and usage.
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Prepositions of Place: at, in, on
- at for a POINT
- in for an ENCLOSED SPACE
- on for a SURFACE
In general, we use:
| at | in | on |
| POINT | ENCLOSED SPACE | SURFACE |
| at the corner | in the garden | on the wall |
| at the bus stop | in London | on the ceiling |
| at the door | in France | on the door |
| at the top of the page | in a box | on the cover |
| at the end of the road | in my pocket | on the floor |
| at the entrance | in my wallet | on the carpet |
| at the crossroads | in a building | on the menu |
| at the front desk | in a car | on a page |
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English Prepositions
- She left before breakfast.
- What did you come for?
(For what did you come?)
A preposition is a word governing, and usually coming in front of, a noun or pronoun and expressing a relation to another word or element, as in:
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Relative Pronouns
- The person who phoned me last night is my teacher.
- relates to "person", which it modifies
- introduces the relative clause "who phoned me last night"
A relative pronoun is a pronoun that introduces a relative clause. It is called a "relative" pronoun because it "relates" to the word that it modifies. Here is an example:
Who (subject) and whom (object) are generally only for people. Whose is for possession. Which is for things. That can be used for people** and things and as subject and object in defining relative clauses (clauses that are essential to the sentence and do not simply add extra information).
Who (subject) and whom (object) are generally only for people. Whose is for possession. Which is for things. That can be used for people** and things and as subject and object in defining relative clauses (clauses that are essential to the sentence and do not simply add extra information).
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Pronoun Case
- subjective (they act as the subject)
- objective (they act as the object)
- possessive (they show possession of something else)
- ary and I are delighted to be here today. (NOT Mary and me)
- The letter was addressed to Mary and me. (NOT Mary and I)
Pronouns (and nouns) in English display "case" according to their function in the sentence. Their function can be:
A problem of case: Mary and I or Mary and me?
| subjective case | objective case | possessive case | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| personal pronouns | singular | 1st | I | me | mine |
| 2nd | you | you | yours | ||
| 3rd | he she it | him her it | his hers its | ||
| plural | 1st | we | us | ours | |
| 2nd | you | you | yours | ||
| 3rd | they | them | theirs | ||
| relative/interrogative pronouns | who | whom | whose | ||
| whoever | whomever | ||||
| which/that/what | which/that/what | ||||
| indefinite pronouns | everybody | everybody | everybody's |
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Indefinite Pronouns
An indefinite pronoun does not refer to any specific person, thing or amount. It is vague and "not definite". Some typical indefinite pronouns are:
* all, another, any, anybody/anyone, anything, each, everybody/everyone, everything, few, many, nobody, none, one, several, some, somebody/someone
* all, another, any, anybody/anyone, anything, each, everybody/everyone, everything, few, many, nobody, none, one, several, some, somebody/someone
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Reflexive Pronouns
We use a reflexive pronoun when we want to refer back to the subject of the sentence or clause. Reflexive pronouns end in "-self" (singular) or "-selves" (plural).
There are eight reflexive pronouns:
| reflexive pronoun | |
| singular | myself yourself himself, herself, itself |
| plural | ourselves yourselves themselves |
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Interrogative Pronouns
We use interrogative pronouns to ask questions. The interrogative pronoun represents the thing that we don't know (what we are asking the question about).
There are four main interrogative pronouns: who, whom, what, which
Notice that the possessive pronoun whose can also be an interrogative pronoun (an interrogative possessive pronoun).
There are four main interrogative pronouns: who, whom, what, which
Notice that the possessive pronoun whose can also be an interrogative pronoun (an interrogative possessive pronoun).
| subject | object | ||
| person | who | whom | |
| thing | what | ||
| person/thing | which | ||
| person | whose | (possessive) | |
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Possessive Pronouns
- number: singular (eg: mine) or plural (eg: ours)
- person: 1st person (eg: mine), 2nd person (eg: yours) or 3rd person (eg: his)
- gender: male (his), female (hers)
- be subject or object
- refer to a singular or plural antecedent
We use possessive pronouns to refer to a specific person/people or thing/things (the "antecedent") belonging to a person/people (and sometimes belonging to an animal/animals or thing/things).
We use possessive pronouns depending on:
Below are the possessive pronouns, followed by some example sentences. Notice that each possessive pronoun can:
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Personal Pronouns
Personal pronouns represent specific people or things. We use them depending on:
* number: singular (eg: I) or plural (eg: we)
* person: 1st person (eg: I), 2nd person (eg: you) or 3rd person (eg: he)
* gender: male (eg: he), female (eg: she) or neuter (eg: it)
* case: subject (eg: we) or object (eg: us)
We use personal pronouns in place of the person or people that we are talking about. My name is Josef but when I am talking about myself I almost always use "I" or "me", not "Josef". When I am talking direct to you, I almost always use "you", not your name. When I am talking about another person, say John, I may start with "John" but then use "he" or "him". And so on.
* number: singular (eg: I) or plural (eg: we)
* person: 1st person (eg: I), 2nd person (eg: you) or 3rd person (eg: he)
* gender: male (eg: he), female (eg: she) or neuter (eg: it)
* case: subject (eg: we) or object (eg: us)
We use personal pronouns in place of the person or people that we are talking about. My name is Josef but when I am talking about myself I almost always use "I" or "me", not "Josef". When I am talking direct to you, I almost always use "you", not your name. When I am talking about another person, say John, I may start with "John" but then use "he" or "him". And so on.
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Demonstrative Pronouns
- near in distance or time (this, these)
- far in distance or time (that, those)
- This tastes good.
- Have you seen this?
- These are bad times.
- Do you like these?
- That is beautiful.
- Look at that!
- Those were the days!
- Can you see those?
- This is heavier than that.
- These are bigger than those.
A demonstrative pronoun represents a thing or things:
| near | far | |
| singular | this | that |
| plural | these | those |
Here are some examples with demonstrative pronouns, followed by an illustration:
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Pronouns
Pronouns are small words that take the place of a noun. We can use a pronoun instead of a noun. Pronouns are words like: he, you, ours, themselves, some, each... If we didn't have pronouns, we would have to repeat a lot of nouns. We would have to say things like:
* Do you like the president? I don't like the president. The president is too pompous.
With pronouns, we can say:
* Do you like the president? I don't like him. He is too pompous.
* Do you like the president? I don't like the president. The president is too pompous.
With pronouns, we can say:
* Do you like the president? I don't like him. He is too pompous.
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3. Position
Adverbs have three main positions in the sentence:
* Front (before the subject):
- Now we will study adverbs.
* Middle (between the subject and the main verb):
- We often study adverbs.
* End (after the verb or object):
- We study adverbs carefully.
* Front (before the subject):
- Now we will study adverbs.
* Middle (between the subject and the main verb):
- We often study adverbs.
* End (after the verb or object):
- We study adverbs carefully.
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1. Function
The principal job of an adverb is to modify (give more information about) verbs, adjectives and other adverbs. In the following examples, the adverb is in bold and the word that it modifies is in italics. * Modify a verb: - John speaks loudly. (How does John speak?)
- Mary lives locally. (Where does Mary live?)
- She never smokes. (When does she smoke?)
* Modify an adjective:
- He is really handsome.
* Modify another adverb:
- She drives incredibly slowly.
But adverbs have other functions, too. They can:
* Modify a whole sntence:
- Obviously, I can't know everything.
* Modify a prepositional phrase:
- It's immediately inside the door.
- Mary lives locally. (Where does Mary live?)
- She never smokes. (When does she smoke?)
* Modify an adjective:
- He is really handsome.
* Modify another adverb:
- She drives incredibly slowly.
But adverbs have other functions, too. They can:
* Modify a whole sntence:
- Obviously, I can't know everything.
* Modify a prepositional phrase:
- It's immediately inside the door.
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2. Form
Many adverbs end in -ly. We form such adverbs by adding -ly to the adjective. Here are some examples:
* quickly, softly, strongly, honestly, interestingly
But not all words that end in -ly are adverbs. "Friendly", for example, is an adjective.
Some adverbs have no particular form, for example:
* well, fast, very, never, always, often, still
* quickly, softly, strongly, honestly, interestingly
But not all words that end in -ly are adverbs. "Friendly", for example, is an adjective.
Some adverbs have no particular form, for example:
* well, fast, very, never, always, often, still
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Gradable and Non-gradable Adjectives
Adjectives describe qualities (characteristics) of nouns.
* Some qualities can vary in intensity or grade (for example: rather hot, hot, very hot; hot, hotter, the hottest).
The adjective hot is gradable.
* Other qualities cannot vary in intensity or grade because they are:
1. extremes (for example: freezing)
2. absolutes (for example: dead)
3. classifying (for example: nuclear)
The adjectives freezing, dead and nuclear are non-gradable.
* Some qualities can vary in intensity or grade (for example: rather hot, hot, very hot; hot, hotter, the hottest).
The adjective hot is gradable.
* Other qualities cannot vary in intensity or grade because they are:
1. extremes (for example: freezing)
2. absolutes (for example: dead)
3. classifying (for example: nuclear)
The adjectives freezing, dead and nuclear are non-gradable.
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Comparative Adjectives
When we talk about two things, we can "compare" them. We can see if they are the same or different. Perhaps they are the same in some ways and different in other ways. We can use comparative adjectives to describe the differences.
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Superlative Adjectives
A superlative adjective expresses the extreme or highest degree of a quality. We use a superlative adjective to describe the extreme quality of one thing in a group of things.In the example below, "biggest" is the superlative form of the adjective "big":
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Determiners
Determiners are words like the, an, my, some. They are grammatically similar. They all come at the beginning of noun phrases, and usually we cannot use more than one determiner in the same noun phrase.
Articles:
* a, an, the
Possessive Adjectives:
* my, your, his, her, its, our, their, whose
Other determiners:
* each, every
* either, neither
* some, any, no
* much, many; more, most
* little, less, least
* few, fewer, fewest
* what, whatever; which, whichever
* both, half, all
* several
* enough
Articles:
* a, an, the
Possessive Adjectives:
* my, your, his, her, its, our, their, whose
Other determiners:
* each, every
* either, neither
* some, any, no
* much, many; more, most
* little, less, least
* few, fewer, fewest
* what, whatever; which, whichever
* both, half, all
* several
* enough
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Adjective Order
- before the noun
- after certain verbs (be, become, get, seem, look, feel, sound, smell, taste)
There are 2 basic positions for adjectives:
| adj. | noun | verb | adj. | ||
| 1 | I like | big | cars. | ||
| 2 | My car | is | big. |
In this lesson we look at the position of adjectives in a sentence, followed by a quiz to check your understanding:
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Adjectives
An adjective is a word that tells us more about a noun. (By "noun" we include pronouns and noun phrases.)An adjective "qualifies" or "modifies" a noun (a big dog).Adjectives can be used before a noun (I like Chinese food) or after certain verbs (It is hard).We can often use two or more adjectives together (a beautiful young French lady).
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Compound Nouns
Compound Nouns
A compound noun is a noun that is made with two or more words. A compound noun is usually [noun + noun] or [adjective + noun], but there are other combinations (see below). It is important to understand and recognize compound nouns. Each compound noun acts as a single unit and can be modified by adjectives and other nouns.
There are three forms for compound nouns:
1. open or spaced - space between words (tennis shoe)
2. hyphenated - hyphen between words (six-pack)
3. closed or solid - no space or hyphen between words (bedroom)
A compound noun is a noun that is made with two or more words. A compound noun is usually [noun + noun] or [adjective + noun], but there are other combinations (see below). It is important to understand and recognize compound nouns. Each compound noun acts as a single unit and can be modified by adjectives and other nouns.
There are three forms for compound nouns:
1. open or spaced - space between words (tennis shoe)
2. hyphenated - hyphen between words (six-pack)
3. closed or solid - no space or hyphen between words (bedroom)
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Noun as Adjective
- a race horse is a horse that runs in races
- a horse race is a race for horses
- a boat race is a race for boats
- a love story is a story about love
- a war story is a story about war
- a tennis ball is a ball for playing tennis
- tennis shoes are shoes for playing tennis
- a computer exhibition is an exhibition of computers
- a bicycle shop is a shop that sells bicycles
Noun as Adjective
As you know, a noun is a person, place or thing, and an adjective is a word that describes a noun:
| adjective | noun |
|---|---|
| clever | teacher |
| small | office |
| black | horse |
Sometimes we use a noun to describe another noun. In that case, the first noun "acts as" an adjective.
| noun as adjective | noun |
|---|---|
| history | teacher |
| ticket | office |
| race | horse |
The "noun as adjective" always comes first
If you remember this it will help you to understand what is being talked about:
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Noun as Adjective
- a race horse is a horse that runs in races
- a horse race is a race for horses
- a boat race is a race for boats
- a love story is a story about love
- a war story is a story about war
- a tennis ball is a ball for playing tennis
- tennis shoes are shoes for playing tennis
- a computer exhibition is an exhibition of computers
- a bicycle shop is a shop that sells bicycles
As you know, a noun is a person, place or thing, and an adjective is a word that describes a noun:
| adjective | noun |
|---|---|
| clever | teacher |
| small | office |
| black | horse |
Sometimes we use a noun to describe another noun. In that case, the first noun "acts as" an adjective.
| noun as adjective | noun |
|---|---|
| history | teacher |
| ticket | office |
| race | horse |
The "noun as adjective" always comes first
If you remember this it will help you to understand what is being talked about:
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Possessive 's
When we want to show that something belongs to somebody or something, we usually add 's to a singular noun and an apostrophe ' to a plural noun, for example:
* the boy's ball (one boy)
* the boys' ball (two or more boys)
Notice that the number of balls does not matter. The structure is influenced by the possessor and not the possessed.
* the boy's ball (one boy)
* the boys' ball (two or more boys)
Notice that the number of balls does not matter. The structure is influenced by the possessor and not the possessed.
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→Possessive 's
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Proper Nouns (Names)
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Countable and Uncountable Nouns
English nouns are often described as "countable" or "uncountable". In this lesson we look at: * Countable Nouns * Uncountable Nouns * Nouns that can be Countable & Uncountable
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Nouns
It's not easy to describe a noun. In simple terms, nouns are "things" (and verbs are "actions"). Like food. Food (noun) is something you eat (verb). Or happiness. Happiness (noun) is something you want (verb). Or human being. A human being (noun) is something you are (verb).
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What are Nouns?
- person: man, woman, teacher, John, Mary
- place: home, office, town, countryside, America
- thing: table, car, banana, money, music, love, dog, monkey
- Ending
- Position
- Function
- -ity > nationality
- -ment > appointment
- -ness > happiness
- -ation > relation
- -hood > childhood
The simple definition is: a person, place or thing. Here are some examples:
The problem with this definition is that it does not explain why "love" is a noun but can also be a verb.
Another (more complicated) way of recognizing a noun is by its:
1. Noun Ending
There are certain word endings that show that a word is a noun, for example:
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Regular Verbs List
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→Regular Verbs List
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Basic Tenses
For past and present, there are 2 simple tenses + 6 complex tenses (using auxiliary verbs). To these, we can add 4 "modal tenses" for the future (using modal auxiliary verbs will/shall). This makes a total of 12 tenses in the active voice. Another 12 tenses are available in the passive voice. So now we have 24 tenses.
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Basic Tenses: Regular Verb
This page shows the basic tenses with the regular verb work. It includes the affirmative or positive form (+), the negative form (-) and the interrogative or question form (?).
The basic structure is:
positive: + subject + auxiliary verb + main verb
negative: - subject + auxiliary verb + not + main verb
question: ? auxiliary verb + subject + main verb
The basic structure is:
positive: + subject + auxiliary verb + main verb
negative: - subject + auxiliary verb + not + main verb
question: ? auxiliary verb + subject + main verb
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→Basic Tenses: Regular Verb
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→https://girlfashion-liphu.blogspot.com/2010/11/basic-tenses-regular-verb.html
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Tense and Time
What is Tense? | Tense & Time | Basic Tenses | Regular Verbs | Irregular Verbs | Be Tense and Time It is important not to confuse the name of a verb tense with the way we use it to talk about time. For example, a present tense does not always refer to present time: * I hope it rains tomorrow. "rains" is present simple, but it refers here to future time (tomorrow)Or a past tense does not always refer to past time: * If I had some money now, I could buy it. "had" is past simple but it refers here to present time (now)
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What is Tense?
tense (noun): a form of a verb used to indicate the time, and sometimes the continuation or completeness, of an action in relation to the time of speaking. (From Latin tempus = time).Tense is a method that we use in English to refer to time - past, present and future. Many languages use tenses to talk about time. Other languages have no tenses, but of course they can still talk about time, using different methods.So, we talk about time in English with tenses. But, and this is a very big but: * we can also talk about time without using tenses (for example, going to is a special construction to talk about the future, it is not a tense) * one tense does not always talk about one time (see Tense & Time for more about this)a
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The English Tense System
The links below are to lessons for each of the 12 basic tenses. In each lesson we look at two aspects of the tense: * Structure: How do we make the tense? * Use: When and why do we use the tense? Some lessons look at additional aspects, and most of them finish with a quiz to check your understanding.
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English Tense System
In some languages, verb tenses are not very important or do not even exist. In English, the concept of tense is very important.In this lesson we look at the idea behind tense, how to avoid confusing tense with time, and the structure of the basic tenses, with examples using a regular verb, an irregular verb and the verb be.
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→English Tense System
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→https://girlfashion-liphu.blogspot.com/2010/11/english-tense-system_24.html
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Tenses
The links below are to lessons for each of the 12 basic tenses. In each lesson we look at two aspects of the tense: * Structure: How do we make the tense? * Use: When and why do we use the tense?Sook at additional aspects, and most of them finish with a quiz to check your understanding.Many English learners worry too much about tense. If you stopped 100 native English speakers in the street and asked them about tense, 1 of them might give you an intelligent answer - if you were lucky. The other 99 would know little about terms like "past perfect" or "present continuous". And they would know nothing about aspect, voice or mood. But they can all speak fluent English and communicate effectively. Of course, for ESL it helps to know about tenses, but don't become obsessed with them. Be like those native speakers! Speak naturally!
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→Tenses
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Verb Classification
We divide verbs into two broad classifications:
1. Helping Verbs
Imagine that a stranger walks into your room and says:
* I can. * People must. * The Earth will.
Do you understand anything? Has this person communicated anything to you? Probably not! That's because these verbs are helping verbs and have no meaning on their own. They are necessary for the grammatical structure of the sentence, but they do not tell us very much alone. We usually use helping verbs with main verbs. They "help" the main verb. (The sentences in the above examples are therefore incomplete. They need at least a main verb to complete them.) There are only about 15 helping verbs.
2. Main Verbs Now imagine that the same stranger walks into your room and says: * I teach. * People eat. * The Earth rotates.
1. Helping Verbs
Imagine that a stranger walks into your room and says:
* I can. * People must. * The Earth will.
Do you understand anything? Has this person communicated anything to you? Probably not! That's because these verbs are helping verbs and have no meaning on their own. They are necessary for the grammatical structure of the sentence, but they do not tell us very much alone. We usually use helping verbs with main verbs. They "help" the main verb. (The sentences in the above examples are therefore incomplete. They need at least a main verb to complete them.) There are only about 15 helping verbs.
2. Main Verbs Now imagine that the same stranger walks into your room and says: * I teach. * People eat. * The Earth rotates.
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→Verb Classification
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Verb Formsrb Forms
English verbs come in several forms. For example, the verb to sing can be: to sing, sing, sang, sung, singing or sings. This is a total of 6 forms. Not many, considering that some languages (French, for example) have more than 30 forms for an individual verb. English tenses may be quite complicated, but the forms that we use to make the tenses are actually very simple! With the exception of the verb to be, English main verbs have only 4, 5 or 6 forms. To be has 9 forms. Do not confuse verb forms with tenses. We use the different verb forms to make the tenses, but they are not the same thing.
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→Verb Formsrb Forms
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Verbs be, have, do, work
What are Verbs?
The verb is king in English. The shortest sentence contains a verb. You can make a one-word sentence with a verb, for example: "Stop!" You cannot make a one-word sentence with any other type of word.Verbs are sometimes described as "action words". This is partly true. Many verbs give the idea of action, of "doing" something. For example, words like run, fight, do and work all convey action.But some verbs do not give the idea of action; they give the idea of existence, of state, of "being". For example, verbs like be, exist, seem and belong all convey state.A verb always has a subject. (In the sentence "John speaks English", John is the subject and speaks is the verb.) In simple terms, therefore, we can say that verbs are words that tell us what a subject does or is; they describe:
The verb is king in English. The shortest sentence contains a verb. You can make a one-word sentence with a verb, for example: "Stop!" You cannot make a one-word sentence with any other type of word.Verbs are sometimes described as "action words". This is partly true. Many verbs give the idea of action, of "doing" something. For example, words like run, fight, do and work all convey action.But some verbs do not give the idea of action; they give the idea of existence, of state, of "being". For example, verbs like be, exist, seem and belong all convey state.A verb always has a subject. (In the sentence "John speaks English", John is the subject and speaks is the verb.) In simple terms, therefore, we can say that verbs are words that tell us what a subject does or is; they describe:
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→Verbs be, have, do, work
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→https://girlfashion-liphu.blogspot.com/2010/11/verbs-be-have-do-work.html
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Words with More than One Job
Words with More than One Job
Many words in English can have more than one job, or be more than one part of speech. For example, "work" can be a verb and a noun; "but" can be a conjunction and a preposition; "well" can be an adjective, an adverb and an interjection. In addition, many nouns can act as adjectives.To analyze the part of speech, ask yourself: "What job is this word doing in this sentence?"In the table below you can see a few examples. Of course, there are more, even for some of the words in the table. In fact, if you look in a good dictionary you will see that the word "but" has six jobs to do:
| word | part of speech | example |
| work | noun | My work is easy. |
| verb | I work in London. | |
| but | conjunction | John came but Mary didn't come. |
| preposition | Everyone came but Mary. | |
| well | adjective | Are you well? |
| adverb | She speaks well. | |
| interjection | Well! That's expensive! | |
| afternoon | noun | We ate in the afternoon. |
| noun acting as adjective | We had afternoon tea. |
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Parts of Speech Examples
Here are some sentences made with different English parts of speech:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| pronoun | verb | preposition | adjective | noun | adverb |
| She | ran | to | the | station | quickly. |
| pron. | verb | adj. | noun | conjunction | pron. | verb | pron. |
| She | likes | big | snakes | but | I | hate | them. |
Here is a sentence that contains every part of speech:
| interjection | pron. | conj. | adj. | noun | verb | prep. | noun | adverb |
| Well, | she | and | young | John | walk | to | school | slowly. |
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→Parts of Speech Examples
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